PCBWay PCB Prototyping review (aka how I made an LED word clock)

A while ago my mom saw a clock where the time was shown using only words instead of numbers:

The bright letters say “It is twenty five past one” in Spanish.

If you speak spanish, you can see that there are letters spelling every possible combination of times. You could show any time of day provided you light the correct LED combination (well, technically not every possible combination is available as the time is rounded up to intervals of 5 minutes, so 10:57 would be displayed as “five to eleven”).

Disclaimer: I’ve been approached by the people at PCBWay to review their PCB Prototyping product. They gave me a coupon to try the service out for free in exchange for a review. So this is not a sponsored ad or anything like that. They never prompted me to say anything in particular; these are my own words.

My mom looked for a clock like this and quickly found that they ran for over $200, which is insane! I told her that I could make one for under $20 and thus the journey began.

Arduino Prototype

The first thing I needed was an LED matrix which I made by soldering some addressable LED “pixels” I found on Amazon:

Front side of LEDs. There are TINY!
Each LED has six solder pads: 5V, GND, and DATA (both inputs and outputs)

I cut a small plywood square from a scrap piece that I had, drilled and countersunk some holes. Then I hot-glued all the LEDs in place and pre-tinned each solder pad. Then soldering began. This took A LOT of time!

Pre-tinned solder pads.
All LEDs glued up.
Cutting the wires.
Soldering the 5V line.
Not pretty, but functional.
Running a simple Arduino program to check that all LEDs are wired properly.

After making sure all LEDs were working, I made a test sheet in illustrator with the letters in places, and cut it in the vinyl cutter using some thick cardstock. Remember, this is just the beta version. The final version will have a way nicer look!

Illustrator template. Reversed so that when I cut the vinyl it looks right when I apply it.
Card stock template.
Card stock close-up. Awful looking, I know (remember this is just a beta)!
The black vinyl sheet as it came out of the vinyl cutter.

After cutting the black vinyl template, I applied it over a piece of acrylic, and added a white sheet of paper behind it to act as a diffuser. Then, I went into the shop and made a quick and dirty frame for the whole assembly. It looks like this:

Since I didn’t have any buttons at hand, I decided to use capacitive touch buttons instead using some bolts. They look like this:

The bolts that act as capacitive touch buttons. From left to right: hours, minutes, colour.
Capacitive touch bolts from the back side.
An Arduino Mega with an external RTC (Real Time Clock) that “remembers” the time when the Arduino is powered off.

But let’s be honest. The prototype circuit looks pretty awful. We can do better! Let’s make a PCB!

The PCB

The cool think about this PCB is that it doesn’t really DO anything. It’s just a bunch of connectors taking signals from here to there. Other than a pretty sizable capacitor to prevent the Arduino from rebooting if I set all the LEDs to white (too much power), the whole thing is pretty straight forward:

The schematic.
The routed board.

I went to the PCBWay website and I uploaded my board to their platform. There are a lot of options to chose but set everything to the default, except that I chose the white colour for the PCBs. The 80s called and they want their green coloured PCBs back!

A cool thing they do is that if you choose a white solder mask, they automatically change the silk screen to black just so that your silk screen doesn’t get lost in the background.

I did have some trouble entering my shipping address in Canada because their system was confusing city and province names, but that seems to be fixed now.

After uploading, their system sets the order on hold until approval (which took less than 24 hours). And after that, the order changed status pretty fast and I could see what they were actually doing. This can be seen in their order status page:

The order goes through different manufacturing stages.

3 days after the last status change I had the PCBs in my hand and they looked spiffy! I love white PCBs!

All the solder pads looked great and all the boards that I assembled worked perfectly. Here are a couple of shots of one of the assembled boards. Note that I soldered the capacitor sideways so that it fit in the particular tight enclosure I was working with.

Assembled PCB, top view.
Assembled PCB side view.

Did you spot the boo-boo? :) Here’s a close-up:

Mistakes happen!

Yes. I screwed up! I usually use the Eagle auto-router and just go with what it gives me. This time I routed the whole board by hand. Doing it this way makes for a much cleaner board and I learned a lot… but… I got so caught trying to make the board look nice that I accidentally swapped the 5V and GND pads! Oh, well…

I’m super happy with the PCBWay service. There were no complications, no delays, and everything worked exactly as I expected. The quality of the silk screen in particular is the best that I’ve seen so far. On other PCB services that I used sometimes the silk screen chips off (in minuscule bits) but this one is perfect all the way.

Conclusion

I love Arduino, but hate breadboards. Everything is so flimsy and when you eventually want to take the prototype to vero board or any of the more permanent alternatives, it takes forever to do so and it’s an incredibly error prone process. Making a PCB leaves everything clean and repeatable. The next time your friend comes to your house you can snap one of these PCB shields on top of an Arduino, load up the software and you are ready to go!

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Comments (2)

  1. Benji

    what are all the extra pads for? I’m trying to design a pcb for the first time :)

    • Julian

      Hi! They’re there to act as a breadboard in case I want to add more functionality in the future. That’s also why I added pads for all the Arduino pins.

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